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Greenhouses are an important environment for planting off-season crops, and the environmental parameters inside the greenhouse directly determine the production quality and quantity of crops. However, the existing measurement and control systems have certain errors in environmental temperature and humidity testing due to factors such as weather conditions. In order to meet the growth needs of crops and improve accuracy, this paper optimizes the design of an agricultural greenhouse environment measurement and control system based on LoRa wireless sensor network. Firstly, sensor devices such as air temperature and humidity, light intensity, and carbon dioxide concentration were modified to become the terminal nodes of the LoRa wireless sensor network. Secondly, the internal structure of the data processor and controller has been adjusted, and the system database has been constructed based on the content of greenhouse environment testing data and the logical relationships between the data. With the support of hardware systems and databases, a LoRa wireless sensor network was established in the agricultural greenhouse environment, and real-time environmental data of the greenhouse was collected. The collected data is transmitted to the system terminal through the LoRa wireless sensor network. We measured environmental indicators such as temperature, humidity, light intensity, and carbon dioxide concentration in the greenhouse, and determined environmental control objectives based on the environmental requirements of crop growth. By calculating and adjusting the control variables, the system has achieved the measurement and control function of the agricultural greenhouse environment. Through the analysis of experimental results, it was found that compared with traditional measurement and control systems, the optimized system reduced errors in environmental temperature and humidity testing by 3.65 ℃ and 3.75%, respectively. This indicates that under the optimized design system, the control error of temperature and humidity in the greenhouse environment is significantly reduced.