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改進(jìn)的經(jīng)驗模態(tài)分解方法和解析能量算子在電機軸承故障診斷中的應用
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西安交通工程學(xué)院 機械與電氣工程學(xué)院

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西安交通工程學(xué)院2022年度中青年(項目編號:2022KY-04);西安交通工程學(xué)院2024年度科學(xué)研究重點(diǎn)項目(項目編號:2024KY-07)


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    摘要:

    電機軸承在運行中一般受到載荷、傳輸和沖擊的共同影響,導致軸承極易出現故障,從而導致整個(gè)電機的機械故障。振動(dòng)信號分析方法是目前用于電機軸承故障監測和診斷的最常用技術(shù)。然而,由于軸承故障脈沖信號的能量非常微弱,因此極易被振動(dòng)信號中的噪聲與其他干擾所淹沒(méi)。為了解決這一問(wèn)題,本文在基于經(jīng)驗模態(tài)分解方法的故障特征提取與理論計算的基礎上,提出了一種改進(jìn)的經(jīng)驗模態(tài)分解方法和一種新穎的解析能量算子相結合的電機軸承故障診斷方法。在該提出的診斷方法中,首先采用一種改進(jìn)的經(jīng)驗模態(tài)分解方法將振動(dòng)信號分解成多個(gè)信號分量,從而去除背景噪聲和振動(dòng)干擾。然后,利用一種包絡(luò )譜峭度指標來(lái)衡量振動(dòng)信號的復雜度,從而選擇出合適的信號分量進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步分析。最后,采用解析能量算子從分解后的信號分量中提取電機軸承故障特征。通過(guò)仿真信號和實(shí)際電機軸承振動(dòng)信號驗證了所提方法的有效性和優(yōu)越性。

    Abstract:

    Motor bearings are commonly subjected to load, transmission, and impact during operation, resulting in bearing failure that ultimately leads to mechanical breakdown of the entire motor. Vibration signal analysis is a widely adopted technique for monitoring and diagnosing motor bearing faults. However, due to the low energy level of the bearing fault signal, it is susceptible to being overwhelmed by noise and other disturbances present in the vibration signal. In order to address this issue, an enhanced empirical mode decomposition method and a novel analytical energy operator are proposed in this study for motor bearing fault diagnosis, based on fault feature extraction and theoretical calculation using the empirical mode decomposition method. In the proposed diagnostic method, an improved empirical mode decomposition technique is employed to decompose the vibration signal into multiple components in order to eliminate background noise and vibration interference. Subsequently, an measurement index called envelope spectrum kurtosis is utilized to quantify the complexity of the vibration signal, enabling selection of appropriate signal components for further analysis. Finally, fault characteristics of motor bearings are extracted from the decomposed signal components using the analytic energy operator. Simulation signals as well as actual motor bearing vibration signals are employed to validate the efficacy and superiority of this proposed methodology.

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姚丹,孫敏,李睿敏,付銳,南江萍.改進(jìn)的經(jīng)驗模態(tài)分解方法和解析能量算子在電機軸承故障診斷中的應用計算機測量與控制[J].,2024,32(8):72-77.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-18
  • 最后修改日期:2024-02-23
  • 錄用日期:2024-02-28
  • 在線(xiàn)發(fā)布日期: 2024-09-02
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