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In order to evaluate the thermal damage performance of thermal pressure explosives and address the issues of intense temperature changes, short duration, high measurement difficulty, and difficulty in measuring the temperature distribution of the fireball at the moment of explosion, a mixed testing method of contact and non-contact temperature measurement was proposed. An infrared thermal imager and thermocouple temperature measurement system were built to test the explosion process of two thermal pressure explosives inside and outside the tunnel. Two infrared thermal imagers were used to shoot at high and low frame rates, and tungsten rhenium thermocouples were placed at a certain distance from the explosion center. Information from different dimensions of the fireball was obtained at different times and locations, achieving complete recording of the entire process of explosion temperature changes at high frame rates and high resolution. A refined study was conducted on the temperature changes during the temperature pressure explosion process. Among them, the maximum temperature of the explosion inside the cave can reach above 1800℃, the maximum diameter of the fireball is about 8.3m, the maximum temperature of the explosion outside the cave can reach above 1700℃, and the maximum diameter of the fireball is about 7.7m. The limiting effect of the cave makes the maximum temperature of the fireball higher, with a duration of 14ms above 1800℃, and the thermal damage effect is stronger. The maximum deviation of the highest temperature test results for temperature and pressure bombs inside and outside the tunnel is 5.1% and 5.8%, respectively, with an average deviation of 5.45%, which is within a reasonable range and can meet the requirements of explosion field testing.