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In order to calibrate the dynamic sensitivity of the preloaded piezoelectric force sensor, study its frequency response characteristics and the preloaded structure design, a sinusoidal force excitation method is introduced to establish the calibration mathematical model. The test is conducted in the upright and inverted installation modes of the sensor, respectively.The influence of the inertial force introduced by the equivalent mass at the sensor end on the dynamic sensitivity calibration is studied through comparative tests. Then. the sensor and the additional mass are installed in the vibration system according to the falling ball test method which is based on measuring the natural frequency The system installation resonant frequency is obtained by white noise excitation. The relationship between the installation resonant frequency and the effective frequency range as well as the measurement accuracy is studied. Finally, , the reason for the asymmetric design of the sensor is explained by theoretical analysis. The test results show that when the additional mass is about 121 times of the sensor, the effect of the end equivalent mass on the sensitivity calibration can be ignored; The natural frequency of piezoelectric force sensor is up to 46kHz, but its effective frequency range is limited by the installation resonant frequency. When the ratio of test frequency and the installation resonant frequency , the accuracy grade of piezoelectric force sensor is 1%; The equivalent mass at both ends of the sensor is different, and the preloading structure is asymmetric for the end with light equivalent mass could be connected to the testing objectduring for dynamic test,. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the sensor field calibrationand the preloading structure design.