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Aiming at the problem of local lateral and longitudinal localization of overhead contact system operating platform in tunnel with high precision, a localization method based on laser ranging and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is proposed. Firstly, the laser ranging sensor is used to realize lateral localization, and the sensor data validity and dynamic combination data are detected in real time to realize localization and anti-interference. Secondly, the two-stage longitudinal localization method is proposed based on the RFID phase. The localization results are limited to a single tag interval through the coarse localization based on the tag phase change rate in the first stage. In the second stage, the effect of phase winding is eliminated by the spacing of label layout based on reasonable constraint conditions, and finally the longitudinal localization is realized by the phase difference hyperbolic localization method. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves the average lateral localization error of 0.005m and the average longitudinal localization error of 0.07m in the experimental environment, and has certain anti-interference ability, thus it can satisfy the local high-precision localization of the tunnel operating platform under the condition of low hardware and layout cost.