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The existing hunting monitoring standard only considers the time domain amplitude information of the lateral acceleration signal of the frame. A single fixed value is used to judge whether the train is hunting, which does not reflect the influence of hunting instability on the train quantitatively. To address the above issues, the HHT energy is firstly proposed to judge whether the high-speed train is hunting from the main frequency size, spectrum concentration and frequency value of the signal frequency domain. On this basis, this paper proposes the concept of fast hunting convergence, which has little influence on the safety of vehicle system operation, so this paper considers it as the signal that does not affect the safety of the vehicle system and identifies it. In this paper, the Largest Lyapunov exponent is used to characterize the periodicity of the signal so as to distinguish between fast hunting convergence and hunting instability (small amplitude hunting and large amplitude hunting). In conclusion, the four operating states of normal operation, fast hunting convergence, small amplitude hunting and large amplitude hunting of the vehicle system are identified qualitatively by combining the HHT energy with the Largest Lyapunov exponent. The HHT energy values reflects the intensity of hunting movement quantitatively. Finally, the feasibility of the method is verified by the measured data of the line.