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It is difficult to avoid the occurrence of end face crack of silicon ingot in the production process, which seriously affects the safety performance and production efficiency of the production line. Therefore, an improved background difference algorithm for automatic detection of end face crack of silicon ingot is proposed. Firstly, the characteristics of the end face crack are analyzed, and the median filter is used to preprocess the image; Secondly, the background image is trained by the image sample library and the commonly used difference algorithm is improved to enhance the crack defect while performing the difference on the image; Then, most of the background points in the difference picture are further removed according to the maximum proportion of crack defects not exceeding 10%; Finally, the cracked defect region is extracted, and the connected region is analyzed to determine whether the end face is cracked according to the area of the defect region. The simulation results and field practice show that the recognition accuracy of this method is 96.4%, the recall rate is 98.5%, and the recognition time is less than 200ms, which meets the needs of field operation.