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基于品質(zhì)可調小波去噪的低速滾動(dòng)軸承故障診斷
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武漢科技大學(xué) 理學(xué)院

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TH133.33

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國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項目(51877161)


Low-speed rolling bearing fault diagnosis based on quality adjustable wavelet denoising
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    摘要:

    針對低速運行滾動(dòng)軸承故障特征易被噪聲湮沒(méi)的問(wèn)題,提出了一種基于可調品質(zhì)因子小波分解(TQWT,Tunable Q-factor Wavelet Transform)的分層自適應閾值去噪方法,并將該方法與包絡(luò )譜分析相結合,對低速軸承進(jìn)行故障分析與診斷;首先,將采集到的軸承振動(dòng)信號進(jìn)行TQWT分解,得到分解后的各層小波系數; 然后,利用Sigmoid函數構造分層自適應閾值函數,并利用該閾值函數對TQWT的高頻系數進(jìn)行閾值去噪處理;最后,結合去噪后的高頻小波系數和低頻小波系數對信號進(jìn)行重構,得到去噪后的軸承振動(dòng)信號。通過(guò)仿真故障信號,模擬故障實(shí)驗信號和實(shí)測故障信號分別進(jìn)行了去噪實(shí)驗分析。實(shí)驗結果表明,經(jīng)典的軟閾值函數和硬閾值函數相比,本文方法能獲得更好的去噪效果,在降低噪聲干擾的同時(shí)有效保留了軸承的故障特征信息,去噪后信號的包絡(luò )譜可以清晰的呈現故障的頻譜特征,可觀(guān)察到故障特征的多倍頻峰值,且峰值附近干擾很少,有效提高了軸承早期故障的診斷精度。在仿真信號實(shí)驗中,與軟閾值、硬閾值函數相比,本文方法去噪后具有更高的信噪比(SNR, Signal-to-noise Ratio )和更低的均方根誤差(RMSE, Root Mean Square Error),與硬閾值函數相比,本文方法的SNR平均增加了4.1491,RMSE平均下降了0.1329; 與軟閾值函數相比,本文方法的SNR平均增加了5.1118,RMSE平均下降了0.1505。

    Abstract:

    In view of the problem that low-speed running rolling bearing fault characteristics are prone to noise annihilation, a hierarchical adaptive threshold denoising method based on (TQWT,Tunable Q-factor Wavelet Transform) is proposed, and the method is combined with envelope spectrum analysis for fault analysis and diagnosis of low-speed bearings.First, the collected bearing vibration signal is TQWT decomposed to obtain the decomposed wavelet coefficient; then construct the hierarchical adaptive threshold function using Sigmoid function to threshold the high frequency coefficient of TQWT; finally, combined with the high frequency wavelet coefficient and low frequency wavelet coefficient to reconstruct the signal to obtain the denoising bearing vibration signal. Experimental results show that compared with the classical soft threshold function and the hard threshold function, the method in this paper can obtain better denoising effect.While reducing noise interference, the fault characteristic information of the bearing is effectively preserved.The envelope spectrum of the signal after denoising can clearly show the spectral characteristics of the fault, and the multi-frequency peak of the fault characteristic can be observed, and there is little interference near the peak.Which effectively improves the diagnosis accuracy of early bearing faults.In the simulation signal experiment, compared with the soft threshold and hard threshold functions, the method in this paper has higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and lower root mean square error (RMSE) after denoising.Compared with the hard threshold function,the SNR of the proposed method increased by 4.1491 on average, and the RMSE decreased by an average of 0.1329; compared with the soft threshold function, the average SNR of the proposed method increased by 5.1118, and the average RMSE decreased by 0.1505.

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何陳程,王文波,喻敏.基于品質(zhì)可調小波去噪的低速滾動(dòng)軸承故障診斷計算機測量與控制[J].,2023,31(4):16-23.

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歷史
  • 收稿日期:2022-08-02
  • 最后修改日期:2022-09-05
  • 錄用日期:2022-09-07
  • 在線(xiàn)發(fā)布日期: 2023-04-24
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