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An underwater image restoration algorithm using active light source polarization based on red and blue channel prior is proposed. Aiming at the problems of serious image information loss, low contrast and color distortion caused by short propagation distance and large loss of light in water, firstly, the polarization characteristics of light traveling in water are studied, and an underwater optical polarization model is established; on this basis, different channels are studied. The prior knowledge of the difference of light information and the mapping relationship between the degree of polarization, a multi-channel optical polarization imaging model was constructed; further, combined with the light sensitivity of the degree of polarization of the backscattered light and the correlation between the light components, the illumination distribution map and Mutual information, realize self-adaptive polarization degree estimation, improve polarization degree calculation accuracy, increase the proportion of target information light, thereby improving image restoration quality. The experimental results show that, compared with the traditional polarized light algorithm and the traditional image enhancement and restoration algorithm, this algorithm not only has a good underwater image restoration effect subjectively, but also improves in various evaluation indicators.