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Aiming at the problem that the motor speed is low, the back electromotive force of the motor is small, and the signal to noise ratio is too low to meet the condition of accurate estimation when the permanent magnet synchronous motor control system without a position sensor starts, a sectional starting control strategy is adopted, when the system speed is low or the system just starts, a constant torque starting mode controlled by others is adopted; When the motor speed is high, the fractional order sliding mode observer is established to accurately predict the rotor position, and the fractional order sliding mode controller is used to control the motor. Through the simulation in Matlab/Simulink platform, the fractional order observer can realize the smooth start of the motor and achieve good static and dynamic control performance when the DC voltage is 311 V, the switching frequency is set to 5 kHz, the initial reference speed is 600 R/min, and the torque of 1.5 N ? m is suddenly applied in 0.2 s. So that the electric vehicle can be safer and more reliable, and provide technical support for the sustainable development of the automotive industry.