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Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, which plays a crucial role in human movement, often lead to severe long-term disability and are key factors affecting human health and mobility. Computer assisted orthopaedic surgery robot system has become the most important in clinical orthopaedics and one of the most challenging system, because they are able to use modern clinical navigation system and robot system accurate treatment of musculoskeletal disease, can effectively reduce the radiation, decrease the doctor physical advantages, become one of the best choice to solve the traditional orthopedic diseases. Through analyzing the application of robot in orthopedic surgery, the mechanism design, navigation technology, robot control, interaction technology and bone-robot connection technology of orthopedic robot are introduced emphatically. In navigation technology, the use of CT scanning equipment to obtain images and optical tracking devices for navigation has become the mainstream. In robot control and interaction technology, there are both teleoperation and automatic control. With the help of literature review, the existing problems and future development of computer-assisted orthopedic surgery robot system are further discussed.