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In torsional vibration method, the influence of system damping on calculation results is usually neglected, which results in measurement errors. To solve this problem, a rigid body moment of inertia measurement method is proposed, which combines visual inspection technology with the basic principle of torsional vibration method. This method captures the image of torsional vibration track of measured object by industrial camera with high frame rate, extracts image features after processing such as Gauss blurring, binarization and Canny edge algorithm, and calculates the torsional vibration angle θ of each frame image corresponding to the measured object according to object-image coordinate transformation relationship, obtaining the swing angle-time curve. From this curve the torsional vibration period T and damping ratio ζ are obtained.Then according to the mathematical model between moment of inertia, torsional vibration period and damping ratio, the moment of inertia of the tested rigid body is finally obtained. The experimental results show that this method can accurately identify torsional vibration damper and realize accurate measurement of moment of inertia. Absolute error of single measurement does not exceed 2.51×10-5 kg·m2 in the range of 0-5×10-3 kg·m2 with standard deviation better than 1.8×10-5 kg·m2.