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Along with large-scale construction and application of automatic weather station (AWS), the problems of single operation monitoring methods and high maintenance support cost emerged. Prognostics and health management (PHM) technology is applied to the operation and maintenance management of AWS for the first time. Analytic hierarchy process is used to evaluate the health status of AWS through "health value" by constructing judgment matrix, scoring by experts and determining weight. A "two-level alarm" prediction method for power supply and communication faults of AWS is proposed by judging the status information, historical extreme value and fault information. Through developing software system, the health evaluation and fault prediction method is realized, which can reasonably quantify the health status and give timely alarm to suspected faults. This method enriches the operation monitoring method of AWS, reduces the troubleshooting, diagnosis and repair time, and also provides an idea for the application of PHM technology in meteorological observing equipment.