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基于BIM的地圖構建與導航研究
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西安建筑科技大學(xué)

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國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(面上項目,重點(diǎn)項目,重大項目)


Research on Map Construction and Navigation Based on BIM
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    摘要:

    摘要: 為了提高移動(dòng)機器人在作業(yè)過(guò)程中獲得現場(chǎng)環(huán)境地圖的效率,提出了利用BIM技術(shù)建立導航地圖的方式,獲取IFC信息映射到二維柵格,從而快速構建地圖。對于室內移動(dòng)機器人在移動(dòng)過(guò)程中能更快更好的到達目標點(diǎn)的問(wèn)題,首先對傳統A*算法做改進(jìn),將原有的8鄰域搜索擴展為48鄰域搜索,增加了搜索方向,優(yōu)化了搜索角度。同時(shí)考慮了機器人的安全性,對規劃路徑進(jìn)行了改進(jìn),使得規劃的路徑與障礙物保持了一定距離。其次,為了避開(kāi)場(chǎng)地出現的動(dòng)態(tài)障礙物,采用將改進(jìn)的A*算法與動(dòng)態(tài)窗口法融合,在保證全局路徑最優(yōu)的基礎上,實(shí)現避障效果。通過(guò)實(shí)驗仿真,表明了改進(jìn)的A*算法比傳統A*的算法在運行時(shí)間上快了2倍以上,路徑轉折點(diǎn)的角度差比原來(lái)減少了28%以上,路徑長(cháng)度上更短且不再緊貼障礙物。而融合算法比改進(jìn)的A*算法在路徑平滑性上有所提高,能及時(shí)避開(kāi)隨機障礙物,更加適用于環(huán)境變化的室內場(chǎng)景。

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    Abstract: In order to improve the efficiency of the mobile robot in obtaining the scene environment map during the operation ,a navigation map is established by using BIM technology, and the IFC information is obtained and mapped to a two-dimensional grid, so that the map can be quickly constructed. In order to make the indoor mobile robot reach the target point faster and better, the traditional A* algorithm is improved, and the original 8-neighborhood search is expanded to 48-neighborhood search, which increases the search direction and optimizes the search angle. At the same time, considering the safety of robot, the planned path is improved, so that the planned path keeps a certain distance from obstacles. Secondly, due to the emergence of dynamic obstacles in the site, the improved A* algorithm is combined with the Dynamic Window Approach, which can not only ensure a better global path, but also achieve obstacle avoidance effect. Through the experimental simulation, it can be seen that the improved A* algorithm improves the running speed by more than 2 times, reduces the turning angle difference by more than 28%, reduces the path distance, and no longer clings to obstacles. Compared with the improved A* algorithm, the fusion algorithm has better path smoothness, can avoid random obstacles in time, and is more suitable for the indoor environment of changing site.

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陳宇帆,段中興.基于BIM的地圖構建與導航研究計算機測量與控制[J].,2022,30(6):144-149.

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歷史
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-20
  • 最后修改日期:2022-01-19
  • 錄用日期:2022-01-19
  • 在線(xiàn)發(fā)布日期: 2022-06-21
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