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In order to optimize the energy consumption of vehicle platoon during long-distance driving, the strategy of optimizing the energy consumption of the vehicle platoon with the air flow resistance and the related platoon control method are studied. According to the air flow resistance of the vehicle platoon during the driving process, a vehicle dynamics model based on heterogeneous drag coefficients is established. Then, a nonlinear vehicle platoon control method based on sliding mode control is designed, so that it can stably converge to the desired vehicle platoon under different drag coefficients. On this basis, a steady-state vehicle platoon energy consumption evaluation model is constructed, and the expected distance between vehicles with the optimal energy consumption of the vehicle platoon is calculated by means of optimization analysis. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed control method are verified by means of numerical simulation. The results show that the designed controller can make the whole vehicle platoon achieve the desired control effect; the optimal vehicle spacing can reduce the steady-state energy consumption of vehicle queue under specific conditions.