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Underwater wireless sensor network routing is an important part of the underwater Internet of Things. Reliability, high efficiency and energy saving are the most concerned issues of underwater wireless sensor network routing. Aiming at the problem of unbalanced energy consumption in the routing of underwater wireless sensor network nodes and excessive redundant forwarding and increasing energy consumption, the life cycle of underwater wireless sensor networks is shortened. An underwater sensor routing protocol with adjustable forwarding area is proposed (An energy-saving underwater opportunistic routing protocol with adjustable forwarding area, ESAFDBR). The ESAFDBR routing protocol considers the current node depth and remaining energy, and also considers the information in the node"s two-hop neighborhood. In this way, it effectively reduces the possibility of the network encountering holes and balances the network energy. In addition, in order to prevent redundant nodes from participating in forwarding, the division of forwarding areas is designed, and the divided areas can be adjusted adaptively according to the density of nodes, effectively improving network performance.