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The traditional state estimation method based on the least square method has the problem that there is a difference between the estimated value and the actual power system parameter value. Based on this, an effective state estimation model suitable for real-time monitoring of power systems is proposed. The model uses least squares based on a rectangular coordinate system. It is described by a set of nonlinear equations related to measured quantities and state variables. The state estimator model is replaced by a prediction correction technique. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the allocation of synchronous phasor measurement units (phasor measurement units, PMU), thereby improving the effectiveness of the algorithm. This model is called IEEE14 bus and IEEE-30 bus test system. The results show that the proposed model has made important contributions to optimal state estimation in terms of the number of convergence iterations, execution time and accuracy.