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Air quality monitoring is an important part of environmental protection work。The application of wireless sensor network technology to automatic monitoring of air environment has become a hot topic. Wireless sensor networks have the characteristics of limited energy and sensors cannot be recharged. Therefore, designing clustering routing algorithm based on the characteristics of the specific environment is essential for extending the life of monitoring systems. Aiming at the problem of low energy utilization and uneven consumption of sensor nodes in air quality monitoring system, this paper proposes a uneven clustering routing algorithm based on differential improvement. The algorithm uses differential evolution algorithm to optimize the selection of cluster heads; realizes the purpose of non-uniform clustering by calculating clustering radii of different size; no longer selects clusters frequently in rounds, but to replace the cluster head node according to cluster frequency and node number. Simulation results show that: In the survival time of the first 300 rounds of network operation, the number of isolated nodes that cannot be covered in the communication range of the cluster head node of the algorithm is greatly reduced, the node utilization rate is higher than LEACH 83%, and it is also 60% higher than EEUC； The proposed algorithm can significantly prolong the death time of the first node, and the whole network life cycle is improved by about 55.6% and 14.8% respectively compared with LEACH and EEUC.