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In single-antenna cognitive radio, the sensing performance of the primary user (PU) in the fading channel can be improved by antenna cooperative spectrum detection. However, due to simultaneous cooperative spectrum sensing, CR may consume more storage energy, thereby reducing its transmission performance. In this paper, in order to ensure its transmission performance, a scheme of synchronous simultaneous cooperative spectrum sensing and wireless power transmission is proposed, which can harvest radio frequency (RF) energy of PU signals to provide energy consumed by spectrum detection. A time-division model is proposed to achieve collaborative spectrum detection, energy harvesting and data transmission synchronization. Optimization problems applicable to the scheme were developed to maximize the spectral efficiency of cognitive radio in the synchronous simultaneous cooperative spectrum sensing and wireless power transmission models, limited by the probability of detection and the energy collected. Finally, the optimal distribution factor is calculated to achieve the maximum spectral efficiency, and the conclusion is drawn through simulation.