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Ultra-wideband technology has become the mainstream indoor positioning technology because of its advantages of high positioning accuracy, strong anti-multipath interference capability and high transmission rate. Due to the harsh environment in the subway tunnel, in order to ensure the safety of the construction personnel and realize the real-time positioning of the construction workers in the subway tunnel, a subway tunnel positioning system based on UWB technology was designed. The system uses the Symmetric Double-Sided Two-Way Ranging (SDS-TWR) algorithm to effectively suppress the ranging error caused by crystal drift between the mobile tag and the positioning base station, and the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to improve the positioning accuracy on the time-of-arrival(TOA) based positioning method. The experimental results show that the UWB-based subway tunnel positioning system can work stably in the subway tunnel and the positioning accuracy is effectively improved. The system has the characteristics of low power consumption, simple implementation and high positioning accuracy, which can meet the needs of real-time precise positioning of personnel in subway tunnels.