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Adjacent wells distance measurement while drilling is one of the key technologies to fine-grained control of complex structures wellbore trajectory. Based on the principle of rotating magnet ranging,an electromagnetic adjacent well detection system while drilling is developed. A magnetic short section is designed and installed behind the drill bit to generate the alternating magnetic field,a tri-axial magnetic field sensor is located in the adjacent well as a signal receiver,and a low-noise,narrow pass band,high-precision data acquisition circuit is developed to detect the weak low-frequency magnetic field signal. A filtering method based on the modified DFT peak spectrum value is proposed to track the alternating magnetic frequency accuratly and extract the magnetic amplitude precisely. The Manchester code communication is used to transmit the downhole data to the surface instrument. The surface instrument calculates the distance and orientation between adjacent wells and guides drilling operations. The outdoor and field tests showed that the maximum measurement distance range of the developed system is up to 50 meters,which can meet the actual demand of drilling engineering.