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In order to extend wireless sensor networks (WSN) life cycle, to keep each node balance between energy consumption, to optimize existing WSN routing algorithm, we propose a routing optimization algorithm based on improved ant colony algorithm. Firstly, the ant colony algorithm and genetic algorithm comparison of the merits, on the basis of ant colony algorithm based on the combination of genetic algorithm selection, crossover and mutation operation, ant colony algorithm to improve search speed and optimization capabilities. Optimal route evaluation function considering the residual energy of nodes and node energy, the remaining energy of many nodes participate in forwarding priority, energy consumption balanced between the nodes. With the classical ant colony algorithm and genetic algorithms comparative experiments show that the number of rounds increases data transfer, improved ant colony algorithm energy consumption, surplus energy and more significantly prolong the network life cycle; with the growth of the entire network uptime, improved ant colony algorithm, node energy balance is good, the success rate of the optimal path search is also significantly better than the other two algorithms.