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To automatically detect the defects in the process of production and transportation, a building component detection method based on 3D laser scanning and building information modeling (BIM) model is proposed. Firstly component object’s actual point cloud is acquired by 3D laser scanner. Noise of point cloud is removed through the chord deviation method, and construction components’ 3D model is built based on BIM. Model objects is converted to desired point cloud through the STL file. Then the initial registration and precise registration of point cloud are realized by principle component analysis algorithm (PCA) and independent component analysis algorithm (ICP) based on K-D tree. Finally, the error of the component is evaluated by the local root mean square value, and the error is quantified by the linear regression analysis method based on Hough transform. The feasibility and accuracy of the proposed algorithm are verified by practical application.