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Branch units are key equipments which can help building the branch connection networks of the submarine cable, play an irreplaceable role in the processes of power transmission and fault isolation of the seafloor observatory network. This paper proposes the design scheme of a low-power, high-reliability branch unit, where Zener diodes are used for the power supply of the control circuit, the start-up circuit is designed based on capacitance charge-discharge principle to realize auto-start of the branch unit, the microcontroller adopts fault identification and isolation algorithm to detect and isolate different kinds of cable faults. Designed a branch unit prototype which is applied in the -1 000 V transmission voltage seafloor observatory demonstration and verification network. All the functions of the branch unit were testified by experiments, results showed the feasibility and reliability of the branch unit design scheme. 