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磁強計輔助MEMS慣性器件的新型數據融合算法
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(中國民航大學(xué) 中歐航空工程師學(xué)院,天津 300300)

作者簡(jiǎn)介:

馬 龍(1983-),男,天津人,博士,講師,主要從事精密測試和光學(xué)無(wú)損檢測等方向的研究。[FQ)]

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中圖分類(lèi)號:

TH712

基金項目:

國家自然科學(xué)基金青年基金資助項目(51205397);中央高校基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費中國民航大學(xué)專(zhuān)項資助項目(ZXH2012H008)。


A New Data Fusion Algorithm Based on Magnetometer and MEMS Inertial Device
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(Sino-European Institute of Aviation Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300,China)

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    摘要:

    為實(shí)現載體姿態(tài)精確測量,設計了一種新型數據融合算法,用以替代傳統的卡爾曼濾波器;首先,研究了陀螺儀、加速度、磁強計的姿態(tài)測量方法,通過(guò)試驗分析測量誤差分量,然后根據誤差頻域的差異性提出一種互補濾波器,并在二階低通濾波器模型下推導出新型數據融合算法模型,最后,以FPGA為處理單元、MEMS慣性元件和磁羅盤(pán)為傳感器單元開(kāi)發(fā)一套小型姿態(tài)檢測系統,進(jìn)行可行性分析和精度估算;從載體的三維轉動(dòng)試驗結果可以看出,新型融合算法測量值和卡爾曼濾波器輸出值之差保持在±0.07°以?xún)?并且不需要對傳感器噪聲特性精確標定;在運算時(shí)間方面,互補濾波器僅需360 μs,卡爾曼濾波器是它的3倍多,因此新型數據融合算法效率更高。

    Abstract:

    In order to realize precision determination of attitude, a novel data fusion algorithm, replacing the traditional Kalman filter, is designed in this paper. Firstly, methods of detecting attitude, respectively based on gyroscope, accelerometer and magnetometer, are discussed. The deviation derived from measurement results is analyzed via trials. Considering the different spectrum of deviations due to different sensors, the idea of complementary filter is then proposed. A novel model of data fusion algorithm is further inferred behind the second order low-pass filter. Finally, taking FPGA as processor, MEMS unit and a magnetic compass constructed as sensor module, a small attitude determination system is developed to evaluate whether the module is practicable and whether to reach required accuracy. Experiments upon the tri-dimension rotated platform show that the deviation of result is no more than ±0.07° compared to Kalman filter. Besides, this model is not required known the accuracy noise feature. With respect to the consumed time of algorithms working on the hardware, time required on complementary filter is 360μs, and Kalman filter is 3 times more than it. Thus, the presented algorithm has high efficiency.

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引用本文

馬龍,張銳,蘇志剛.磁強計輔助MEMS慣性器件的新型數據融合算法計算機測量與控制[J].,2014,22(8):2518-2522.

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  • 收稿日期:2013-12-09
  • 最后修改日期:2014-02-21
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  • 在線(xiàn)發(fā)布日期: 2014-12-16
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