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In order to realize automatic ship target detection with panoramic camera in the marine environment, a sea-sky line extraction algorithm for panoramic image and a ship target detection method around sea-sky line was proposed. Firstly, the characteristics of sea-sky line in panoramic image are analyzed. An improved Canny edge detection method based on partition adaptive threshold was used, and double threshold gradient direction filtering was carried out. Then after edge thining, the sea-sky line edge extraction algorithm was proposed based on the longest curve method and the ellipse fitting was performed to get the sea-sky line elliptic equation. Finally, the ship target on sea-sky line detection method was introduced based on the sea-sky line elliptic equation . The actual test was carried out using real panoramic images obtained in three different marine environment. The experimental results prove that this method can effectively detect the sea-sky line and the ship target under complex sea-sky background. The success rate of sea-sky line extraction can be up to 95% and the detection success rate can reach 90% when the ship target radial imaging height is more than 10 pixels.