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The fuel economy and emissions performances of high pressure common rail diesel engine are influenced severely by the adjustment and stability of rail pressure following real-time operating condition. Different rail pressure control strategies are adopted in different model of start, transition, normal, shutdown and fault conditions. A nonlinear PID with technologies of integrator separateness and pre-control is designed using in normal condition. These Parameters of nonlinear PID are adjusted adaptively by online genetic algorithm. The optimal rail pressure controls under different conditions are realized. Bench test results showed that control strategies under different conditions were suitable; the control overshoot was effectively reduced by using integral separation technology, the rail pressure settling time was shortened and rail pressure fluctuation was lessened by adopting pre-control technology, it took about 6.7 seconds after the engine starting to optimize nonlinear PID parameters by genetic algorithm, the pressure in common rail was kept at an almost constant value which fluctuation range was no more than 1.4% by the recommended genetic algorithm nonlinear PID controller. 